Quick take: 99% of the time, you’re not on a simple pixel layer. Set the Layer 0 baseline and the error vanishes.
Do this first (ActionSeps baseline):
One layer only. Flatten or delete extras.
Unlock it → “Layer 0.” If it says Background, double-click to convert.
Rasterized pixels. No Smart Objects or live effects (Right-click → Rasterize Layer).
RGB / 8-bit. Image ▸ Mode ▸ RGB Color + 8 Bits/Channel.
If it still complains:
You’re probably on a mask/Channel/Path. Click the layer thumbnail (not the mask) and press ESC to exit Channels.
Sanity check: Select ▸ All, then Layer ▸ Duplicate Layer…. If that works, rerun the action.
Still messy? Stamp visible (Shift+Cmd/Ctrl+Alt+E), rename it Layer 0, try again.
See also: /fix-command-select-not-available-photoshop
, /levels-not-working-photoshop
, /need-help-separating-actionseps